Color appearance of color chips in the environment lit with LED lamps

Abstract

The aim of this study stemmed from the prevailing use of LED lighting systems in today's world. Recognizing the impact of this technology on color perception is essential, and this motivated the detailed exploration within the study. A total of one hundred participants were invited to evaluate 26 unique color chips under six colored LEDs illuminations - Red, Yellow, Green, Cyan, Blue, and Magenta, each with two different saturation levels. A white light (D65) was utilized as the reference illuminations along with a white fluorescence light. The elementary color naming method was employed for evaluations within a controlled experimental room. One of the key outcomes of this study was the introduction of a perceptual color constancy index. This index demonstrated a more rapid decrease under green, cyan, and yellow illumination when the saturation of the illumination increased. TheRMSE for color appearance under white fluorescence and white LEDs light was found to be 0.11. Itwas observed that LEDs exhibited a higher chromaticness than fluorescence lights. Additionally, in less vivid illumination conditions, the color appearance of the color chips was observed to shift in four different hue directions, consistent with the opponent color theory. For the more vivid illumination conditions, there were at least two distinct hue shift directions. These shifts appeared to correlate with the complementary color of color density to the color illumination. The results of this study can serve as a foundation for future research, especially towards improving color prediction models, given the significant presence of LED lighting in modern settings.